Types of Informed Consent in Research

Wil Flanagan
September 27, 2024

The importance of informed consent in research is underscored by the fact that it is a fundamental principle in the Declaration of Helsinki, which emphasises the protection of human subjects in medical research.

Understanding the various types of informed consent is crucial for Research Compliance managers, as it forms the ethical cornerstone of participant protection and voluntary participation. By exploring this topic, we can ensure we're upholding the highest standards of ethical conduct in our studies, safeguarding participants' rights, and maintaining the integrity of our research.

In this blog, we'll delve into the different types of informed consent used in research, their applications, and best practices for implementation. This knowledge will empower you to navigate the complex landscape of ethical research conduct, enhance your ability to design and execute studies that prioritise participant welfare, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

Key takeaways:

  • Definition of informed consent: Understanding the fundamental concept and its importance in research ethics
  • Written informed consent: Exploring the most common form of consent and its key components
  • Verbal informed consent: Examining situations where verbal consent is appropriate and how to document it properly
  • Electronic informed consent: Discussing the growing trend of digital consent processes and their benefits
  • Implied informed consent: Analysing the concept of implied consent and its limited applications in research
  • Special types of informed consent: Addressing unique consent situations for vulnerable populations and specific research contexts
  • Ethical research guidelines: Reviewing best practices for obtaining and documenting informed consent across various research scenarios
  • Informed consent in clinical trials: Understanding the specific requirements and challenges of informed consent in clinical research
  • Regulatory compliance: Exploring the role of Scientific Review Committee (IRBs) and adherence to relevant regulations in the informed consent process

What are Types of Informed Consent?

Informed consent is a fundamental ethical and legal requirement in research, ensuring that participants voluntarily agree to take part after being fully informed about the study. This process is crucial for protecting participants' rights and autonomy while maintaining the integrity of research.

The purpose of informed consent is multifaceted:

  1. Respecting participants' right to make informed decisions about their involvement
  2. Protecting participants from potential harm or exploitation
  3. Ensuring transparency in research procedures
  4. Promoting trust between researchers and participants

The informed consent process involves three key features: disclosing necessary information, facilitating understanding, and promoting voluntary participation. This process can take various forms, depending on the research context and participant needs.

The main types of informed consent include:

  1. Written Informed Consent: The most common type, where participants sign a document after reading and understanding the study details.
  2. Verbal Informed Consent: Used when written consent is impractical or could compromise participant anonymity.
  3. Electronic Informed Consent: Increasingly popular, especially for online studies, allowing digital documentation of consent.
  4. Implied Informed Consent: In some low-risk studies, participation itself may imply consent.

Despite the different types, all forms of informed consent share common key elements:

  1. Clear explanation of the research purpose and procedures
  2. Description of potential risks and benefits
  3. Explanation of alternatives to participation
  4. Statement of voluntary participation and right to withdraw
  5. Information about confidentiality and data handling
  6. Contact information for questions or concerns

Writing informed consent documents requires careful attention to language and clarity. The document should be written in plain language, typically at an 8th-grade reading level, to ensure comprehension across diverse participant groups.

Regulatory bodies, such as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), play a crucial role in overseeing the informed consent process. They review and approve consent documents and procedures to ensure they meet ethical standards and legal requirements.

Bottom line: Informed consent is a crucial ethical requirement in research, with various types designed to protect participants' rights and ensure voluntary participation. By adhering to these principles, researchers can conduct ethical studies that respect participants' autonomy while advancing scientific knowledge.

Written Informed Consent

Written informed consent is the cornerstone of ethical research practices, providing a documented agreement between researchers and participants. This form of consent ensures that participants fully understand the nature, purpose, and potential implications of the study they're agreeing to join.

Informed Consent Documentation typically involves a written document that outlines key information about the research. This document serves as a tangible record of the participant's voluntary agreement to take part in the study.

The components of a written informed consent form are comprehensive and designed to protect participants' rights. Informed Consent Form Elements must include:

  • Study purpose and procedures
  • Expected duration of participation
  • Potential risks and benefits
  • Participant rights, including the right to withdraw
  • Confidentiality measures
  • Contact information for questions or concerns

Written Informed Consent Requirements are typically mandated in most research scenarios, unless an Institutional Review Board (IRB) has specifically waived the consent requirement or documentation. Written consent is commonly required in:

  • Clinical trials
  • Psychological studies involving sensitive topics
  • Long-term observational studies
  • Research involving vulnerable populations (with appropriate safeguards)

Advantages of written informed consent:

  • Provides a clear record for legal and ethical compliance
  • Allows participants time to review and consider information
  • Serves as a reference point throughout the study

Limitations to consider:

  • May intimidate some participants due to formality
  • Risk of misunderstanding if language is too complex

To create clear and understandable consent forms, researchers should:

  1. Use plain language, avoiding jargon and technical terms
  2. Structure the document with clear headings and bullet points
  3. Include visual aids where appropriate to enhance understanding
  4. Offer the form in multiple languages if necessary
  5. Allow ample time for participants to review and ask questions
Bottom line: Written informed consent provides a documented agreement between researchers and participants, ensuring comprehensive understanding of the study. It's a vital tool in protecting participants' rights and maintaining the ethical integrity of research practices.

Verbal Informed Consent

Verbal informed consent is a crucial alternative to written consent in research, particularly when traditional written methods aren't feasible or appropriate. This approach involves explaining the research and assessing participant comprehension verbally, using a consent document as a guide.

The verbal consent process typically includes:

  1. Explaining the study, its risks, benefits, and participant rights
  2. Assessing the participant's understanding
  3. Obtaining verbal agreement to participate

Key use cases for verbal informed consent include:

The process of obtaining and documenting verbal consent involves:

  1. Preparing a script based on the written consent form
  2. Verbally explaining study details
  3. Answering participant questions
  4. Assessing comprehension
  5. Obtaining verbal agreement
  6. Documenting the process (e.g., audio recording, witnessed documentation)

Compared to written consent, verbal consent offers several advantages:

  • Flexibility for diverse populations
  • Less intimidating for some participants
  • Culturally appropriate in certain settings

However, there are also some drawbacks:

  • Challenging to prove consent if disputes arise
  • Requires careful documentation
  • May not be suitable for high-risk or complex studies

Scenarios where verbal consent might be preferred or necessary include:

  • Cultural considerations where signing forms isn't the norm
  • Research with illiterate or low-literacy populations
  • Studies where written consent poses confidentiality risks
  • Blood sampling studies using extra blood from routine clinical venipuncture

To ensure the validity and reliability of verbal consent:

  1. Use clear, simple language in explanations
  2. Verify participant comprehension by asking them to explain key points
  3. Document the process thoroughly, including date, time, and witness information
  4. Consider audio recording when appropriate and approved by the IRB
  5. Maintain detailed records for each participant
Bottom line: Verbal informed consent offers flexibility while maintaining ethical standards. It's particularly valuable in minimal risk studies, specific cultural contexts, or with populations where written consent is challenging. As researchers, we must ensure proper documentation and adherence to ethical guidelines when using this method.

Electronic Informed Consent

Electronic informed consent, or e-consent, is revolutionising how researchers obtain participant agreement in studies. This digital approach streamlines the consent process while upholding ethical and legal standards.

Digital Health Advancements have made e-consent an increasingly popular option. It leverages various technologies, including:

  • Secure online portals
  • Mobile applications
  • Interactive multimedia presentations

These platforms often feature:

  • Audio-visual explanations
  • Comprehension quizzes
  • Electronic signatures

The benefits of electronic consent are numerous:

  • Improved participant comprehension and retention of study information
  • Enhanced accessibility, allowing participants to review at their own pace
  • Streamlined data management for researchers
  • Real-time tracking of consent status

However, implementing e-consent comes with challenges:

  • Ensuring data security and privacy
  • Addressing the digital divide that may exclude certain populations
  • Maintaining the personal touch in the consent process
  • Setting up necessary technical infrastructure
  • Training staff on e-consent systems

Regulatory compliance is crucial when using e-consent. Researchers must adhere to FDA regulations and other regulatory bodies' requirements to protect human subjects and maintain research data integrity. This involves:

  • Verifying participant identity
  • Ensuring electronic signature security
  • Providing options for participants to ask questions or withdraw consent
Bottom line: Electronic informed consent leverages technology to streamline the consent process, offering significant benefits in accessibility and data management. However, careful implementation is key to addressing challenges and ensuring regulatory compliance. As digital health evolves, e-consent is likely to become an increasingly vital tool in research studies.

Implied Informed Consent

Implied informed consent is a unique approach in research ethics where participants' actions or behaviours indicate their willingness to participate in a study, rather than explicitly stating their agreement. We often use this method in specific research contexts where obtaining explicit consent might be impractical or unnecessary.

At None, we understand that Implied Consent in Research typically occurs when we inform a prospective subject about a study with minimal risk, such as filling out an anonymous questionnaire. By completing the questionnaire, the participant implicitly agrees to take part in the research.

Examples of situations where we might use implied consent include:

  1. Anonymous online surveys
  2. Observational studies in public spaces
  3. Retrospective chart reviews in healthcare settings
  4. Low-Risk Research Scenarios involving minimal risk interventions

While implied consent can be useful, it comes with ethical considerations and potential risks. As researchers, we must ensure that participants are adequately informed about the study and its implications, even without explicit consent procedures. There's always a risk that participants may not fully understand their involvement or the potential consequences of their participation.

To ensure valid implied consent, we recommend following these guidelines:

  1. Provide clear information about the study and its purpose
  2. Explain how participation will be interpreted as consent
  3. Offer an opt-out option for those who don't wish to participate
  4. Ensure that the research presents minimal risk to participants

IRB Review of Implied Consent is crucial, and we always ensure that any changes in the approved consent procedure, including alterations of implied consent, are reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

At None, we believe that Disclosure and Time for Consideration are still necessary even with implied consent. We always give participants sufficient information and a reasonable amount of time to consider their participation and ask questions before proceeding.

Some limitations and criticisms of implied consent in research that we're aware of include:

  1. Potential for misunderstanding or lack of awareness among participants
  2. Difficulty in proving that consent was truly informed
  3. Possible ethical concerns in more sensitive research areas
  4. Challenging Implied Consent on the grounds that adequate information was not provided for informed decision-making
Bottom line: While less common, implied consent can be appropriate in certain low-risk research scenarios but requires careful consideration. We find it's most suitable for Anonymous Participation studies with minimal risk, where signed consent forms might compromise anonymity. However, we always prioritize Ethical Considerations, ensuring that participant autonomy and the right to make informed decisions are respected, even when using implied consent methods.

Special Types of Informed Consent

In research ethics, certain situations require specialised approaches to informed consent. Let's explore these unique scenarios and how they protect participant rights while enabling valuable research:

Vulnerable Populations

When working with groups like children or cognitively impaired individuals, we implement additional safeguards:

  • Use simplified language and visual aids
  • Obtain consent from legal guardians
  • Ensure participant assent where possible

These measures help protect vulnerable participants' rights and welfare. Learn more about informed consent for vulnerable populations.

Proxy Consent

For individuals unable to provide consent themselves:

  • A legally authorised representative makes decisions
  • We ensure the proxy understands research implications
  • The proxy must act in the participant's best interest

Proxy consent maintains ethical standards when participants can't consent directly. Discover more about proxy consent.

Broad Consent for Biobanking

With the rise of biobanks, we've developed a new form of consent:

  • Participants agree to future use of their biological materials
  • Covers a variety of potential research projects
  • Balances ongoing research needs with participant autonomy

This approach facilitates long-term research while respecting participant rights. Explore broad consent for biobanking.

Re-consent Processes

For longitudinal studies, we maintain ongoing participant engagement:

  • Inform participants of any changes in the research
  • Provide updates on new findings, risks, or protocol changes
  • Ensure continued voluntary participation

Re-consent processes keep participants informed throughout extended studies. Understand re-consent processes.

Emergency Research and Consent Waivers

In some emergency situations, obtaining informed consent may be impossible:

  • Waivers are considered for minimal risk studies
  • Strict regulatory oversight and ethical review are required
  • We ensure participants' rights and welfare are protected

These waivers allow critical research while maintaining ethical standards. Learn about emergency research and consent waivers.

Bottom line: These specialised approaches to informed consent allow us to navigate complex research scenarios whilst upholding ethical standards across diverse contexts. By adapting our consent processes, we ensure respect for participants, beneficence, and justice in all our research endeavours.

Summary: Navigating Types of Informed Consent in Research

As we've explored throughout this article, informed consent is a critical component of ethical research conduct. Let's recap the main types of informed consent discussed and highlight key considerations for researchers.

The primary types of informed consent we've covered include written, verbal, electronic, and implied consent. Each type serves specific research contexts and participant needs. Understanding Informed Consent is crucial for researchers to ensure participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, risks, and benefits.

Choosing the appropriate type of informed consent is vital for specific research contexts. Researchers must consider factors such as participant demographics, study complexity, and data collection methods. The Informed Consent Process involves three key features: disclosing information, facilitating understanding, and promoting voluntariness.

Key considerations for researchers implementing informed consent include:

  1. Using clear, jargon-free language in consent forms
  2. Allowing ample time for participants to ask questions
  3. Ensuring ongoing communication throughout the study
  4. Tailoring the process to the specific research context and participant needs

Evolving trends in informed consent practices include:

  • The use of multimedia tools to enhance comprehension
  • Audio-Visual Informed Consent providing immediate verbal reinforcement of written information
  • Digital consent platforms for easier documentation and management

For further learning about informed consent in research, valuable resources include:

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines
  • World Health Organization (WHO) ethics resources
  • Academic journals focusing on research ethics

Remember, Participant autonomy is at the heart of informed consent. It's essential for protecting participants' rights and ensuring voluntary participation in research studies. As researchers, we must uphold the highest ethical standards by implementing thorough and transparent informed consent processes, safeguarding the well-being and rights of those who contribute to scientific advancement.

By prioritising informed consent and staying abreast of evolving practices, we collectively advance science while respecting the rights and dignity of research participants. This commitment to ethical research not only protects participants but also enhances the credibility and integrity of our scientific endeavours.

FAQ Section

  1. What is informed consent for educational research?

    Informed consent in educational research ensures participants understand the study's purpose, risks, and their rights before agreeing to participate. It involves clear communication and voluntary agreement.

  2. How is informed consent obtained for research participation?

    We obtain informed consent through ongoing information exchange with potential participants. This process includes disclosing information, ensuring understanding, and promoting voluntary participation.

  3. What are the key considerations for informed consent in qualitative research?

    In qualitative research, we emphasise flexibility due to the study's evolving nature. Participants must understand that the process may involve in-depth interviews or observations, and they can withdraw at any time.

  4. How should informed consent be handled for recording voices and images?

    When recording voices or images, we explicitly state this in the consent form. We inform participants about how recordings will be used, stored, and potentially shared, prioritising their privacy and confidentiality.

  5. What information should be provided during the informed consent process?

    Our consent forms cover the study's purpose, potential risks and benefits, voluntary participation, and participant rights. We use plain language at an 8th-grade reading level for clarity.

  6. Are there special considerations for informed consent in survey research?

    In survey research, we often use a brief introduction at the survey's beginning, covering key elements like study purpose, voluntary participation, and data usage and protection.

  7. How is informed consent managed for tissues research?

    For tissues research, we provide additional information on how tissues will be used, stored, and potentially shared. We also inform participants about potential future research uses.

  8. What are the key differences in informed consent for quantitative vs. qualitative research?

    While core principles remain, qualitative research may require ongoing consent due to its evolving nature. Quantitative research typically has a more structured, predefined consent process.

  9. How does informed consent differ for human subjects research?

    Human subjects research requires more comprehensive informed consent due to potential risks. We provide detailed explanations of procedures, risks, and benefits compared to non-human subject research.

  10. What are the specific requirements for informed consent in biomedical research?

    Our biomedical research consent forms include detailed information about medical procedures, potential side effects, and alternative treatments. They comply with institutional review board requirements and specific regulations.

  11. How should informed consent be approached in experimental research designs?

    In experimental designs, we clearly explain randomisation, potential group assignments, and interventions. Participants understand they may not know their group if blinding is used.

  12. What are the unique aspects of informed consent in medical research?

    In medical research, we focus on explaining complex medical concepts in simple terms. We discuss potential impacts on current treatments and the possibility of incidental findings.

  13. How does informed consent in nursing research differ from other health-related fields?

    Our nursing

    Bibliography

    1. World Medical Association. 2013. WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. [online] Available at: <https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    2. Study.com. 2023. What is Informed Consent in Research? - Definition & Purpose - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: <https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-informed-consent-in-research-definition-purpose.html> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    3. HHS.gov. 2023. Informed Consent. [online] Available at: <https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/faq/informed-consent/index.html> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    4. Michigan Medicine. 2023. Informed Consent Guidelines - Research Compliance - Michigan Medicine. [online] Available at: <https://research-compliance.umich.edu/informed-consent-guidelines> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    5. National Library of Medicine. 2018. Informed Consent Form Elements - PMC - NCBI. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5980471/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    6. UCSF IRB. 2023. Obtaining and Documenting Informed Consent - UCSF IRB. [online] Available at: <https://irb.ucsf.edu/obtaining-and-documenting-informed-consent> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    7. UCSF IRB. 2023. Verbal, Electronic or Implied Consent (Waiver of Signed Consent) - UCSF IRB. [online] Available at: <https://irb.ucsf.edu/verbal-electronic-or-implied-consent-waiver-signed-consent> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    8. National Library of Medicine. 2023. Informed Consent - An Overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430827/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    9. Research Support. 2023. Consent - Research Support - University of Oxford. [online] Available at: <https://researchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk/governance/ethics/resources/consent> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    10. National Library of Medicine. 2009. Implied Consent for Biobank Research: A Public Perspective - PMC - NCBI. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840885/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    11. ConductScience. 2023. eConsent: How To Use Electronic Consent in 2023 - Conduct Science. [online] Available at: <https://conductscience.com/digital-health/e-consent/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    12. BUMC. 2023. eConsent_Considerations and Implementation - Boston University Medical Campus. [online] Available at: <https://www.bumc.bu.edu/crro/files/2023/03/RPN-Workshop_February-2023_eConsent.pdf> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2016. Use of Electronic Informed Consent Questions and Answers. [online] Available at: <https://www.fda.gov/media/116850/download> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    14. National Library of Medicine. 2023. Informed Consent for Biobanks and Biorepositories - PMC - NCBI. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567246/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    15. AMA Journal of Ethics. 2012. Informed Consent in Biobank-Dependent Research. [online] Available at: <https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/informed-consent-biobank-dependent-research/2012-08> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    16. Dovetail. 2023. What is Informed Consent in Research? | Dovetail Software. [online] Available at: <https://dovetail.com/research/what-is-informed-consent-in-research/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    17. National Library of Medicine. 2017. Audiovisual Versus Standard Informed Consent for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Invasive Cardiac Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC - NCBI. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543760/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].
    18. Research Basics. 2023. Ethics and Informed Consent | Research Basics. [online] Available at: <https://researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/ethics-and-informed-consent/> [Accessed 19 October 2023].

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Ethical considerations in psychology shape research and practice in 2024. Explore five crucial ethical issues psychologists must navigate, including informed consent, confidentiality, data protection, cultural sensitivity, and the responsible use of AI in psychological interventions and assessments.
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Wil Flanagan
October 23, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Defence Trade Controls Amendment Act - September 1st Update
As of September 1st, 2024, the Defence Trade Controls Amendment Act ushers in a new era of defence trade controls in Australia. Are you prepared for its far-reaching implications?
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Wil Flanagan
Ethics & Compliance
What are Research Compliance Systems?
Research Compliance Systems ensure ethical and regulatory adherence in academic and scientific research. Discover how these comprehensive tools streamline oversight, manage protocols, and maintain integrity across diverse research disciplines. Learn about key features and benefits for institutions and researchers alike.
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Wil Flanagan
July 27, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
List of Essentials Documents in Research Ethics
List of Essential Documents in Research Ethics: Explore comprehensive guidance on crucial paperwork for ethical research. Discover key documents ensuring integrity, participant protection, and regulatory compliance. Essential for researchers, ethics committees, and institutions conducting human subject studies.
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Wil Flanagan
August 1, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
5 Expert Tips for Crafting Sample Consent Forms for Surveys in 2024
Sample consent form for survey: Learn 5 expert tips for creating effective forms in 2024. Discover how to craft clear, concise, and compliant consent documents that protect participants' rights and ensure ethical research practices. Elevate your survey methodology with these professional insights.
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Wil Flanagan
August 30, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Developing and Implementing a Code of Ethics for Researchers
A Code of Ethics for Researchers is crucial for maintaining integrity in scientific endeavors. This article explores the development and implementation of ethical guidelines, addressing key principles, challenges, and best practices for researchers across disciplines. Learn how to establish and uphold ethical standards in your research community.
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Wil Flanagan
July 31, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
IRB Applications: 5 Expert Tips to Avoid Common Mistakes in 2024
IRB applications: Avoid common mistakes with expert tips for 2024. Learn how to streamline your submission process, ensure compliance, and increase approval chances. Discover key strategies for crafting thorough protocols, addressing ethical concerns, and navigating regulatory requirements effectively.
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Wil Flanagan
September 8, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Global Research Codes of Conduct for Research Integrity [2024]
Global Codes of Conduct for Research guide ethical practices worldwide. This article explores the 2024 update on research integrity standards, emphasizing international collaboration, data management, and responsible innovation. Learn how these guidelines shape scientific progress and ensure trustworthy research across disciplines.
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Wil Flanagan
August 2, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Are Compliance-Based Ethics Codes? Expert Guide 2024
Compliance-based ethics codes guide organizational behavior. Learn their importance, components, and implementation strategies in this expert guide. Discover how these codes ensure legal adherence, promote ethical conduct, and foster a culture of integrity within businesses and institutions in 2024.
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Wil Flanagan
September 16, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Conflict of Interest Management in Research
Conflict of Interest Management in Research: Essential strategies for maintaining ethical integrity in scientific studies. Learn how to identify, disclose, and mitigate potential conflicts, ensuring research objectivity and credibility. Explore best practices, institutional policies, and regulatory guidelines for effective COI management in academia and industry.
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Wil Flanagan
July 29, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Clinical Research Compliance: 5 Critical Factors for 2024 Success
Clinical research compliance: Navigate 2024's evolving landscape with 5 critical factors for success. Explore key strategies to ensure regulatory adherence, enhance data integrity, streamline processes, leverage technology, and foster a culture of compliance in your clinical trials.
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Wil Flanagan
September 1, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
COI Forms 2024: 5 Expert Tips to Avoid Common Mistakes
COI forms: Avoid common mistakes with 5 expert tips for 2024. Learn how to accurately complete Certificate of Insurance forms, prevent errors, and streamline your insurance documentation process. Ensure compliance and protect your business with these essential insights for handling COI forms effectively.
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Wil Flanagan
September 2, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Are Compliance-Based Ethics Codes? Expert Guide 2024
Compliance-based ethics codes define organizational conduct standards. Explore their importance, implementation, and impact on corporate culture in 2024. Learn how these codes shape employee behavior, mitigate risks, and foster ethical decision-making in today's complex business landscape.
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Wil Flanagan
September 25, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Types of Informed Consent in Research
Types of informed consent in research include general, specific, broad, and dynamic consent. These forms ensure ethical participation, protect subjects' rights, and maintain research integrity. Understanding each type helps researchers choose the most appropriate approach for their study design and participant needs.
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Wil Flanagan
August 3, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Ethics for Beginners: 5 Essential Principles to Master in 2024
Ethics for beginners: Discover 5 key principles to master in 2024. Explore fundamental ethical concepts, including integrity, responsibility, and fairness. Learn how to apply these principles in daily life and professional settings, enhancing your decision-making skills and moral compass.
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Wil Flanagan
September 9, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Avoidance of Harm: 5 Expert Strategies for Ethical Decision-Making in 2024
Avoidance of harm: Explore 5 expert strategies for ethical decision-making in 2024. Learn how to navigate complex moral dilemmas, prioritize stakeholder interests, and implement robust frameworks to ensure responsible choices. Enhance your leadership skills and organizational integrity with these practical approaches.
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Wil Flanagan
September 28, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What's New in the ACA Code of Ethics 2024: Expert Guide
ACA Code of Ethics 2024 updates: Explore key changes in counseling ethics. This expert guide covers new standards for technology use, cultural competence, and social justice advocacy. Learn how these revisions impact professional practice and client care in the evolving field of counseling.
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September 27, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What: 5 Key Conflicts Between Laws and Ethics in 2024
Conflicts between laws and ethical behavior: Explore 5 critical dilemmas in 2024 where legal requirements clash with moral principles. Examine how these tensions impact decision-making, challenge societal norms, and raise questions about the balance between legality and ethics in contemporary society.
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Wil Flanagan
September 26, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
5 Expert Steps to Citing NASW Code of Ethics in APA 2024
Citing NASW Code of Ethics APA: Master the process with 5 expert steps. Learn how to properly reference the National Association of Social Workers' ethical guidelines in your academic writing. Enhance your citations and avoid plagiarism with this comprehensive guide to APA 2024 formatting.
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September 24, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
5 Easy Steps: Cite the APA Code of Ethics Perfectly (2024)
How do you cite the Code of Ethics in APA? Learn 5 simple steps to perfectly reference the APA Code of Ethics in your academic work. Follow our guide for accurate citations, avoiding common mistakes, and ensuring compliance with the latest 2024 APA guidelines.
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Wil Flanagan
September 23, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Best Describes the Purpose of IRB: 5 Key Functions in 2024
What best describes the purpose of the IRB? Discover 5 key functions in 2024, including ethical oversight, participant protection, and research integrity. Learn how Institutional Review Boards safeguard human subjects and ensure responsible scientific conduct in various studies.
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Wil Flanagan
September 22, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What You Need to Know: ACA Code of Ethics Reference Guide 2024
ACA Code of Ethics reference guide 2024: Essential information for counselors. Understand key principles, ethical standards, and updates in the American Counseling Association's code. Learn how to apply ethical guidelines in practice, navigate complex situations, and maintain professional integrity in the counseling field.
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Wil Flanagan
September 21, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
5-Step Expert Guide: APA Cite NASW Code of Ethics (2024)
APA cite NASW Code of Ethics accurately with this 5-step expert guide. Learn the proper format for in-text citations and reference list entries, ensuring compliance with APA 7th edition guidelines. Master citing the NASW Code of Ethics for your social work papers and publications.
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September 20, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Privacy and Code of Conduct? 2024 Expert Guide
Privacy and code of conduct meaning explained: Discover the essential principles guiding personal information protection and ethical behavior in organizations. Learn how these concepts shape workplace culture, data handling, and professional interactions in our comprehensive 2024 expert guide.
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Wil Flanagan
September 19, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What to Do When Academic Integrity Concerns Arise: 2024 Guide
Academic integrity concern detected? Learn effective steps to address and resolve issues in our comprehensive 2024 guide. Discover how to navigate academic misconduct allegations, understand institutional policies, and protect your educational future while maintaining ethical standards.
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Wil Flanagan
September 18, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Principle Drives Informed Consent? 5 Expert Insights for 2024
Informed consent, an important outcome of patient autonomy, is a cornerstone of medical ethics. Explore five expert insights for 2024 on the principles driving informed consent, including respect for patient rights, shared decision-making, and evolving legal and ethical standards in healthcare.
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Wil Flanagan
September 17, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Privacy and Code of Conduct: 5 Expert Insights for 2024
What is privacy and code of conduct? Explore 5 expert insights for 2024 on these crucial business ethics topics. Discover how evolving regulations, data protection, and ethical guidelines shape organizational practices and employee behavior in the modern workplace.
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September 15, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
5 Expert Steps to Master Your IBC Application in 2024
Master your IBC application with 5 expert steps in 2024. Learn essential strategies for a successful International Business Company registration, including jurisdiction selection, document preparation, and compliance considerations. Streamline your process and increase approval chances with insider tips from industry professionals.
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Wil Flanagan
September 14, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Is Society Compliance Ethics? 2024 Expert Guide
Society compliance ethics: Explore the crucial intersection of legal, moral, and social responsibilities in business and society. Learn key principles, best practices, and emerging trends for 2024. Discover how organizations can navigate ethical challenges, foster a culture of integrity, and maintain compliance in an evolving global landscape.
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Wil Flanagan
September 13, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Are Ethical Basics? 5 Expert Principles for 2024
Discover ethical basics and their importance in 2024. Explore 5 expert principles guiding responsible decision-making, sustainable practices, and moral integrity in personal and professional spheres. Learn how to navigate complex ethical dilemmas and cultivate a more ethical lifestyle in today's rapidly changing world.
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September 12, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Disclosure-Conflict of Interest? Expert Guide for 2024
Disclosure-conflict of interest: Navigate the complexities with our expert guide for 2024. Learn about ethical transparency, potential biases, and legal obligations in professional settings. Understand how to identify, manage, and disclose conflicts to maintain integrity and trust in your field.
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Wil Flanagan
September 11, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
IRB Submission Process 2024: 5 Expert Steps for Quick Approval
Streamline your IRB submission process with these 5 expert steps for quick approval in 2024. Learn how to navigate ethical review requirements, prepare comprehensive documentation, and address potential concerns. Maximize your chances of success and accelerate research timelines with our proven strategies.
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September 10, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Western Institutional Review Board: 2024 Expert Guide
Western Institutional Review Board ensures ethical research practices. Discover its role in protecting human subjects, streamlining approval processes, and maintaining regulatory compliance. Learn about WIRB's services, benefits, and impact on clinical trials in this comprehensive 2024 guide for researchers and institutions.
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Wil Flanagan
September 7, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Is an Adult Medical Consent Form: 2024 Expert Guide
Adult medical consent form: Explore our comprehensive 2024 guide on this crucial document. Learn its purpose, legal implications, and essential components. Understand how it empowers individuals to make healthcare decisions and protects medical professionals. Essential reading for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.
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Wil Flanagan
September 6, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Ethical Jurisprudence? 5 Key Principles in 2024
Ethical jurisprudence principles shape legal decision-making in 2024. Discover the 5 key tenets guiding moral considerations in law: justice, fairness, human rights, social responsibility, and ethical reasoning. Learn how these principles influence legal practice and societal outcomes.
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Wil Flanagan
September 5, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
IRB Services: 5 Expert Tips for Navigating Ethical Research in 2024
IRB services streamline ethical research approval. Discover 5 expert tips for navigating Institutional Review Board processes in 2024. Learn how to prepare thorough protocols, engage with IRB staff, address potential risks, and expedite your research while ensuring participant safety and regulatory compliance.
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Wil Flanagan
September 4, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is the FWA Compliance Process: 5 Expert Steps for 2024
FWA compliance process: Master the 5 expert steps for 2024 to ensure your organization meets fraud, waste, and abuse regulations. Learn how to implement effective policies, conduct risk assessments, train staff, monitor activities, and report issues in this comprehensive guide.
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Wil Flanagan
September 3, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Are IRB Fees? 5 Expert Insights for Researchers in 2024
IRB fees are essential costs for research ethics review. Understand 5 key insights about these charges, including fee structures, budgeting tips, and potential waivers. Learn how to navigate IRB fees effectively in 2024 to streamline your research process and manage expenses.
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August 31, 2024
Funding
Research Funding Software Explained: 2024 Expert Guide
Research funding software simplifies grant management for institutions. Discover top solutions, key features, and best practices in our 2024 expert guide. Learn how to streamline application processes, track deadlines, and maximize funding opportunities for your research projects.
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Wil Flanagan
September 6, 2024
Funding
What is Research Funding? 2024 Expert Guide for Beginners
What is research funding? Discover the essentials in our 2024 expert guide for beginners. Learn about funding sources, application processes, and strategies to secure financial support for your research projects. Unlock the key to advancing your academic or scientific career.
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Wil Flanagan
September 6, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What Software for Research Governance and Compliance? 2024 Expert Guide
Software for research governance and compliance is crucial for modern research institutions. Discover top tools and platforms for 2024 that streamline regulatory adherence, enhance data management, and boost research integrity. Learn how to choose the right solution for your organization's needs and compliance requirements.
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Wil Flanagan
December 6, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Trusted Research Software? 2024 Expert Guide
Software for trusted research: Discover essential tools and practices for reliable scientific work. Learn about reproducibility, data management, and collaboration platforms. Explore key features of trusted research software and how it enhances credibility in academic and industry settings.
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Wil Flanagan
December 5, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Research Governance and Compliance: 5 Key Insights for 2024
What is Research Governance and Compliance? Discover 5 key insights for 2024 that will shape ethical research practices, regulatory adherence, and data management. Learn how to navigate evolving standards and ensure your organization's research integrity in the coming year.
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Wil Flanagan
December 4, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Trusted Research? 2024 Expert Guide to Ethical Innovation
What is Trusted Research? Discover ethical innovation practices in our 2024 expert guide. Learn how to conduct responsible, transparent, and collaborative research that builds trust, ensures integrity, and drives positive societal impact while adhering to ethical standards and data protection principles.
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Wil Flanagan
December 3, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Guide to Fidelity in Nursing Ethics
Fidelity in nursing ethics: Explore the crucial role of loyalty and commitment in healthcare. Learn how nurses uphold patient trust, maintain confidentiality, and navigate ethical dilemmas. Discover the impact of fidelity on patient care, professional relationships, and the nursing profession's integrity.
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Wil Flanagan
July 27, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Best Research Compliance Systems
Research Compliance System solutions streamline regulatory adherence in academic and corporate settings. Discover the top platforms that automate documentation, monitor protocols, and ensure ethical standards. Learn how these systems enhance efficiency, reduce risks, and maintain integrity in research operations.
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Wil Flanagan
July 27, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Guide to Fidelity in Research Ethics
Fidelity in research ethics ensures trustworthy scientific practices. This guide explores the concept's importance, principles, and application in various research contexts. Learn how to maintain integrity, honesty, and accountability throughout the research process, from study design to data analysis and reporting.
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Wil Flanagan
July 24, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
How to Obtain Informed Consent in Research
How to obtain informed consent in research: Learn the essential steps for ethically conducting studies. Understand legal requirements, communicate risks and benefits clearly, ensure participant comprehension, and document the process properly. Discover best practices for respecting autonomy and maintaining research integrity.
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Wil Flanagan
July 30, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
A History of Informed Consent in Research
Explore the history of informed consent in research, from its origins to modern practices. Discover key milestones, ethical considerations, and evolving regulations that have shaped how researchers obtain participant agreement. Learn about landmark cases and their impact on human subject protection in scientific studies.
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Wil Flanagan
July 30, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Comprehensive Guide to Informed Consent in Research
Informed consent in research ensures ethical participation. This guide explores its importance, legal requirements, and best practices for obtaining valid consent. Learn about key elements, challenges, and strategies to protect participants' rights and maintain research integrity.
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Wil Flanagan
July 30, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Guide to Fidelity in Healthcare Ethics
Fidelity in healthcare ethics: Explore the crucial principle guiding patient-provider relationships. This comprehensive guide examines the importance of trust, confidentiality, and commitment in healthcare settings. Learn how fidelity impacts decision-making, patient care, and ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals.
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Wil Flanagan
July 25, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Role of Scientific Review Committees for Quality Assurance
Scientific Review Committees play a crucial role in quality assurance for research. These expert panels evaluate study designs, methodologies, and ethical considerations to ensure scientific rigor and integrity. By providing independent assessments, they enhance research quality, protect participant rights, and maintain public trust in scientific endeavors across various disciplines.
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Wil Flanagan
August 17, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Research Compliance Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Research Compliance Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are essential guidelines for ensuring ethical and regulatory adherence in research. These comprehensive protocols outline steps for proper conduct, documentation, and reporting, helping institutions maintain integrity, protect participants, and avoid legal issues in their research activities.
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Wil Flanagan
August 17, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Your Guide to the ADA code of Ethics for Research Integrity
ADA Code of Ethics ensures research integrity in dental practices. This guide explores key principles, including patient autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Learn how the code promotes ethical conduct, protects participants, and maintains scientific standards. Understand your responsibilities as a dental professional in research.
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Wil Flanagan
August 14, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
A Guide to HIPAA Dos and Dont's for Research Integrity
HIPAA Dos and Don'ts: Essential guidelines for maintaining research integrity. Learn how to navigate HIPAA regulations, protect patient privacy, and ensure compliance in your research practices. Discover key responsibilities, common pitfalls, and best practices for handling protected health information in research settings.
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Wil Flanagan
August 14, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement in Research Compliance
Quality Assurance Compliance in research: Explore essential strategies for enhancing integrity and efficiency in scientific processes. Learn about quality assurance and improvement techniques, regulatory requirements, and best practices to ensure compliance, reduce risks, and maintain high standards in research operations.
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Wil Flanagan
August 11, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Managing Active Disclosure and Transparency in Research
Active Disclosure Research: Explore strategies for managing transparency in scientific endeavors. Learn how to balance open communication with confidentiality, implement effective disclosure policies, and navigate ethical considerations. Discover best practices for sharing research findings responsibly while protecting intellectual property and maintaining public trust.
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Wil Flanagan
August 11, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Guide to Fidelity in Medical Ethics
Fidelity in medical ethics: Explore the essential principle guiding healthcare professionals' commitment to patients. Discover how trust, confidentiality, and loyalty shape doctor-patient relationships, impact treatment decisions, and influence overall patient care. Learn about ethical dilemmas and strategies for maintaining fidelity in modern healthcare settings.
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Wil Flanagan
July 25, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Processes and Types
Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes and types explained. Learn about the essential role of IRBs in protecting human subjects in research, including full board reviews, expedited reviews, and exempt reviews. Understand the ethical considerations, regulatory requirements, and steps involved in obtaining IRB approval for research projects.
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Wil Flanagan
August 8, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Coorective and Preventive Action (CAPA) in Research
Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) in research enhances quality management. This article explores CAPA implementation, its importance in maintaining compliance, and strategies for effective execution. Learn how to identify root causes, implement solutions, and prevent recurrence of issues in research settings.
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Wil Flanagan
August 8, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
How to Manage Conflict of Interest in Research
Discover how to manage conflict of interest in research effectively. Learn strategies for identifying potential conflicts, implementing disclosure policies, and maintaining ethical standards. Explore best practices for transparency, objectivity, and integrity in scientific studies to ensure credible and unbiased research outcomes.
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Wil Flanagan
August 5, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Examples of Conflict of Interest in Research
Examples of conflict of interest in research can compromise scientific integrity. This article explores common scenarios, including financial interests, personal relationships, and dual roles. Learn how these conflicts affect research outcomes, ethical considerations, and strategies for managing potential biases in academic and industry settings.
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Wil Flanagan
August 5, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Conflict of Interest in Human Subjects Research
Conflict of Interest in Human Subjects Research: Explore ethical challenges and guidelines for managing potential biases in research involving human participants. Learn about disclosure requirements, institutional review boards, and strategies to maintain scientific integrity while balancing researcher interests and participant protection.
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Wil Flanagan
August 5, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
What is Research Conflict of Interest Management Software
Research Conflict of Interest Management Software streamlines ethical compliance in academic and scientific institutions. This powerful tool automates disclosure processes, identifies potential conflicts, and ensures transparency in research activities. Learn how this software enhances integrity, saves time, and protects reputations in the research community.
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Wil Flanagan
August 2, 2024
Ethics & Compliance
Examples of Informed Consent in Research
Examples of informed consent in research are crucial for ethical studies. This article explores various scenarios, highlighting key elements of consent forms, participant rights, and researcher responsibilities. Learn how to properly obtain and document informed consent across different research disciplines.
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Wil Flanagan
August 2, 2024
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